AVAGA - Pharmacology
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CPR TRAINING 301-793-6036 (6475 New Hampshire Ave # 504-C, Hyattsville, MD)

Please read these facts first, then answer the questions that follow

1. Penicillin and Cephalosporin have the same beta-lactam ring in their structure. As a consequence, there is cross-reactivity (cross-sensitivity)  between the two drugs.

2. Tetracycline causes many side effects. Some of them are: Photosensitivity - Nausea - Diarrhea - Vomiting - Tooth discoloration (Growing tooth) - Hepatotoxicity - Nephrotoxicity.

3. Penicillins are bactericidal, i.e., they kill germs. Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic, i.e., it stops the growth of germs.

4. Culture and sensitivity. Culture: Growing microorganisms in an appropriate medium. Sensitivity: Testing which antibiotic is able to either kill or stop the growth of the microorganism.

5. Cephalosporins are better at killing gram (-) germs than penicillins.

6. Second generation of cephalosporins are better at killing gram (-) germs than first generation cephalosporins

7. Gram-positive bacteria stain dark blue or violet by Gram staining. Gram-negative bacteria stain red.

8. Before tooth extraction, the elderly and people with abnormal valves in their heart need prophylactic antibiotic therapy to prevent cardiac complications (infections)

9. To prevent drug resistance, always take the full course of antibiotic therapy as indicated.

10. Anaphylactic shock: Severe allergic reaction leading to circulatory shock.


Pharm 1

  1. A patient is allergic to Penicillin, as manifested by a rash and pruritus. The nurse expects the physician to NOT order the following drug as a replacement

    2. Tetracyline
    Gentamycin
    Neomycin
    Cefaclor

  2. A child, 7 years old, is beig treated for an infection. The physician should avoid prescribing the following antibiotic

    3. Penicillin G
    Ampicillin
    Erythromycin
    Tetracycline

  3. Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic, this term means that chloramphenicol

    4. Cannot treat infections alone
    Does not kill germs when the pH is acidic
    Does not kill germs but slows down their growth
    Only kills gram negative germs

  4. A microorganism is sensitive to a drug if

    5. The patient is allergic to the drug
    The patient is not allergic to the drug
    The drug is resistant to the drug
    The drug is not resistant to the drug

  5. Cephalotin, a cephalosporin, is better at killing

    6. Gram + germs
    Gram - germs
    Viruses
    Retroviruses

  6. The following is true about the cephalosporins.

    7. They work better at killing gram positive germs
    The first generation of cephalosporins is better at killing gram negative germs than the next generations
    The second generation of cephalosporins is better at killing gram negative germs than the fisrt generations
    The cephalosporins are only used in the treatment of otitis media

  7. The followiing is true about gram + germs

    8. Gram positive bacteria stain dark blue or violet
    Gram positive bacteria stain red
    Gram positive bacteria turn invisible after staining
    Gram positive bacteria

  8. A patient with a valvulopathy had a tooth extracted and soon after developed signs of valvulopathy

    9. Clot formation in the coronary arteries
    Infection of the valves of the heart
    Air embolism
    Clot migration in the coronary arteries

  9. Failure to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by the physican may result in

    10. Allergy
    Drug resistance
    Higher risks of side effects
    Tolerance

  10. The following is not a classic sign of anaphylactic shock

    11. High blood pressure
    Low blood pressure
    Difficulty breathing
    All of the above are signs of anaphylactic shock

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Pharm 2

Please read first before answering the questions

1. Tetracycline inhibits the effect or oral contraceptive drugs.

2. Expired tetracycline linked to kidney failure.

3. High doses of some penicillin may induce K+ or Na+ ion toxicity. (Cation toxicity)

4. Ampicillin is a wide-spectrum penicillin.

5. Aztreonam is a monobectam antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has no activity against gram positive germs

6. Imipenem has the beta-lactam ring (but is different from penicillin). It has low susceptibility to beta-lactamase.

7. Severe side effect of chloramphenicol: Bone marrow depression.Gray baby syndrome (Cyanosis and cardiovascular collapse of the premature newborn).

8. Penicillin given by mouth: Penicillin V

9. Penicillin G Procaine IM injections. Penicillin G IM injections are very painful. The addition of procaine (a local anesthetic agent decreases the pain at the injection site.

10. Tetracycline absorption is affected by calcium, iron, and aluminum.

Pharm 2 (Antibiotics)

  1. A woman is taking tetracycline to treat an infection. The physician should recommend to

    2. Stop taking the drug as soon as the symptoms disappear
    Take the drug with milk if it causes nausea
    Double the dose if it causes diarrhea
    Use an additional type of contraceptive if the patient was using contraceptive pills

  2. Fatmata recently used expired tetracycline for 2 weeks and got sick. The follwing test can be used

    3. Hematocrit
    BUN
    SGOT, SGPT
    Chest X-Ray

  3. High doses of Penicillin K should be avoided in a patient taking the following drug

    4. Aspirin
    Digoxin
    Ibuprofen
    Acetaminophen

  4. Ampicillin is

    5. A wide-spectrum antibiotic
    Effective against a large number of different germs
    A penicillin type antibiotic
    All of the above

  5. The following are true about aztreonam EXCEPT

    6. Works better against gram positive germs
    A monobectam antibiotic
    Resistance to beta-lactamase
    Works better against gram negative germs

  6. Imipenem .

    7. has the beta-lactam ring
    has low susceptibility to penicillinase
    is an antibiotic
    all of the above

  7. The following test is recommended to chcek for one of the most serious side effects of chloramphen

    8. BUN
    CBC, Hematocrit
    Chest X-ray
    Blood typing

  8. The following penicillin is given by mouth

    9. Pnc K
    Pnc V
    Penicllin G procaine
    Pnc G

  9. Procaine is added to Pnc Procaine to

    10. prevent allergies
    lower the patient pain threshold
    reduce pain associated with the injection
    all of the above are true

  10. Food to avoid when taking tetracycline

    11. Milk
    Bread
    Tomato
    Orange juice

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