Guide chpt 6-7

Guide for Test 3 (Chapt 6 - 7)
(Some figures at the end may help)

1. Muscle Cell is also called Muscle Fiber a. true b. false

2. Biceps brachii and triceps brachii are synergistic muscles
a. true b. false (look at fig. 7-1 in textbook)

3. Name the waste products of aerobic states - wastes produced in anaerobic states? (P. 142 first column)

4. When two muscles work together (synergistic), the muscle that makes most of the work is called the ........................................

5. At rest our muscles are completely relaxed and have no tension at all (no tone)
a. true b. false (P 140 first column)

6. John works out for 2 hours. His muscles are now in pain. They have accumulated a molecule. Name it. (p. 142)

7. Muscle cells contain MYOGLOBIN. This molecule allows storage of oxygen in the muscle.
a. true b. false (p. 142)

8. Name the molecule that is very similar to myoglobin (p. 142)

9. The motor neuron releases a neurotransmitter to excite the muscle cell. The neurotransmitter is called ........ (check fig. 7-2)

10. When the neurotransmitter binds to its specific receptor at the neuromuscular junction  (check fig. 7-2)
      a. sodium channels open and sodium leaves the muscle
      b. sodium channels open and sodium enters the muscle
      c. potassium channels open and potassium enters the muscle
      d. potassium channels open and potassium leaves the muscle

11. The T-Tubules of the skeletal muscle cell allow (check fig. 7-2)
      a. myosin and actin to interact
      b. the thin filament to slide over the thick filament
      c. the surface of the muscle cell to be stimulated first
      d. the surface and the center parts of the muscle cell to be simultaneously activated

12. Be ready to indicate the location of the following muscle masses:
orbicularis oculi - sternocleidomastoid - orbicularis oris - masseter - pectoralis major - Gluteus medius - Deltoid . vastus lateralis
rectus abdominis

13. Be ready to name and locate the muscles used for intramuscular injections

14. Parts of a long bone (Fig. 6-1 A)

15. Why is bone matrix so hard and strong?

16. Fontanels (p. 109) what they are and their role

17. Compact bone has no vascularization (true or false) (p. 107)

18. At first long bone were made of cartilage T or F (Fig 6-3)

19. Flat bones are not involved in hematopoiesis a. true b. false
(difficulty with this question? Check it while you are on line)

20. Periosteum is crucial for bone growth in a. length b. width

21. Epiphyseal disk or plate is important for bone growth in a. length b. width (p. 108)

22. Excess growth hormone in a 30 year old person results in
a. gigantism b. acromegaly
c. obesity d. no changes at all

23. Define osteoporosis? p. 113

24. Only growth hormone is involved in bone growth
a. true b. false

25. What's a bone sinus?

26. Number of cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae. lumbar vertebrae

27. What does the word TRANSSPHENOIDAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY mean?

28. The nasal bone splits the nose into two nostrils
a. true b. false

29. Be ready to identify the following structures of a vertebra
- spinous process - transverse process
- facet for rib - vertebral body - vertebral canal

30. Characteristic feature of a cervical vertebra
Characteristic feature of a thoracic vertebra

31. Be ready to identify the hyoid bone. Below is a picture of the hyoid bone.
Where is it located? What is its purpose?

What makes it different from the other bone is that it is the only bone NOT attached to another bone.

32. The patella is a SESAMOID bone. What does SESAMOID mean? (Remember you can always check on-line, or a friend, or a friendly book for the answer)

33. Differentiate haversian canal from haversian system

34. Be ready to identify the following bone structures with special importance in nursing practice:
- Iliac crest - Xyphoid Process - Sella turcica - Foramen magnum - Cribriform plate
- Palatine bone - Palatine process of the maxilla - Occipital condyles of the Occipital bone - Sternum - Facets of Atlas for articulation with the Occipital condyles - Odontoid process of the Axis bone

35. Name the proteins that make the Z-Line of the myofribril

36. Types of muscles that are striated - voluntary - involuntary

37. isotonic (flexion) and isometric (isovolumetric)

38. Synergistic and antagonistic muscles (?)

39. Role of muscles - Role of bones

40. Oxygen debt occurs when we are in an aerobic state T or F (p. 142)

41. When a muscle contracts the thin and thick filaments get shorter a. T       b. F   see picture below
42. Using information from above picture, answer the following questions:
      Z line (or Z disc) is a point where thick filaments meet (T or F)
      The space between two consecutive Z lines is called ...................
      Skeletal muscle is striated because of the alternation of thick and thin filament (T or F)
      Thick filament is mainly made of myosin (T or F)

43. Study FIg. 7-4